Human Trafficking Basic Information

What is human trafficking?

Human trafficking is the exploitation of a person for labor, services, or commercial sex through force, fraud, or coercion.

For minors involved in commercial sex, force, fraud, or coercion does not need to be proven.

What does trafficking actually look like?

Trafficking does not always involve physical restraint or kidnapping.

It often looks like:

  • Manipulation or coercion

  • False promises (love, stability, opportunity)

  • Control over finances, housing, or identification

  • Psychological pressure or threats

Many individuals may not identify themselves as being trafficked while it is happening.

Who is at risk?

Anyone can be targeted, but certain vulnerabilities increase risk, including:

  • Prior trauma or abuse

  • Housing instability or homelessness

  • Substance use or addiction

  • Mental health challenges

  • Poverty or financial instability

  • Social isolation or lack of support

Trafficking is a demand-driven crime, meaning exploitation exists because there is a market for it.

  • Someone else controlling their communication or movements

  • Inconsistent stories about their situation

  • Fear, anxiety, or hypervigilance

  • Lack of access to personal documents or money

  • Signs of coercion, control, or dependency

Always approach with care—these signs require context and sensitivity.

What are common signs someone may be experiencing trafficking?

Why don’t people just leave?

Leaving is often complex and dangerous. Barriers can include:

  • Fear of harm to themselves or others

  • Emotional attachment or trauma bonds

  • Financial dependence

  • Lack of safe housing or resources

  • Criminal records or system involvement

  • Distrust of systems or past negative experiences

Leaving is not a single moment—it is often a process.

What happens after someone exits trafficking?

Healing is a long-term journey and often includes:

  • Stabilizing basic needs (housing, safety, income)

  • Addressing physical and mental health

  • Rebuilding identity and relationships

  • Navigating systems (legal, healthcare, employment)

Support is often limited, and many individuals must navigate recovery with minimal resources.

How can I help?

You can make a meaningful impact by:

Learning and sharing accurate information

Supporting survivor-led organizations

Responding with compassion instead of judgment

Reporting suspected trafficking when appropriate

Advocating for trauma-responsive systems and policies

If someone is in immediate danger, contact local law enforcement.

Advocating through legislative initiatives.

What should I do if I think someone is in danger?

If you believe someone is in immediate danger, call 911.

You can also contact the National Human Trafficking Hotline:
📞 1-888-373-7888
📱 Text: 233733 (BEFREE)
🌐 humantraffickinghotline.org

When reporting, provide clear, factual information (location, description, behavior observed).

Human trafficking is complex—but awareness, compassion, and informed action can make a difference.

Why does survivor leadership matter?

Individuals with lived experience bring critical insight into what works—and what causes harm.

Including survivor leadership leads to:

More effective services

Ethical decision-making

Better outcomes for those impacted

Solutions are strongest when they are built with, not just for, those most affected.